
Paris, 11 Dec (Meena Raman and Hilary Chiew) – The second version of the
draft Paris Outcome was presented to Parties at the end of a brief
meeting of the Paris Committee under the UNFCCC on evening Thursday, 10
December, by COP21 President, French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius.
The
first version of the draft Paris Outcome, encompassing the post-2020
agreement and an accompanying decision which includes decisions relating
to pre-2020 actions, was issued on Wednesday, 9 December. The new
iteration of the text, which was initially scheduled to be provided in
the afternoon of 10 December was only made available at 9 pm.
At
this fifth meeting of the Paris Committee that was established on
Saturday (5 December), COP21 President Fabius said after significant
work and a series of consultations, Parties can now move to a decisive
step.
Together with the Secretariat, he said, the text was
prepared to reach balance, impartiality and reconciled positions. The
text is shorter although brackets remain around complex issues, he said,
citing issues of finance, differentiation and ambition which will see
more consultation in these final hours of the COP.
(The new text
was reduced from 29 to 27 pages of which 12 pages contained the draft
agreement and 15 pages were allocated to the accompanying draft
decision.)
“Compromise does require us to forget the ideal
solution for everybody. That is the work we have now … we are close to
the finishing line and we must find common grounds. In other words, time
to come to an agreement, “ said Fabius.
He then proposed that
Parties study the new draft and consult with other Parties over the next
2.5 hours which will be followed by consultations similar to the
setting on Wednesday night. He said he will chair the ‘indaba-type
consultations’ which he named ‘indaba of solutions’ where he urged
Parties not to present statements but to provide compromise solutions.
He
also said in the event when there are persistent differences, the
facilitating ministers will be asked to meet at a corner of the room or
in a separate room and to report back to the indaba within 30 to 45
minutes.
After this final round of consultations, the COP21
President hoped to present a final version of the text on Friday (11
December). He hoped Parties will agree to this method of work in the
final hours to complete the final lap that separates them from a
legally-binding, ambitious and fair agreement that the world is
expecting.
At 11.30 pm, the COP 21 President convened the indaba consultations, which was closed to observers.
According
to sources, the consultations revealed that several developing
countries, including China and India raised their concerns over the
dilution of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities
(CBDR) in the draft agreement as reflected in the obligations of
Parties. They made proposals to address their concerns.
However,
sources said that the United States, represented by its State
Secretary, John Kerry, supported the agreement, saying that
differentiation was reflected, through the notion of
‘self-differentiation’ as represented by the intended nationally
determined contributions (INDCs).
It seems that he stressed that
the new agreement was a “monument to differentiation.” Kerry was
reported to have regretted the “situation” of the US where there could
not be a mandatory system (for emission cuts) and for finance to be
legally binding.
Sources disclosed that divergences continued
with developed countries stressing that the ‘donor base’ of those
contributing to climate finance should be expanded to include developing
countries, with references in the draft text to the mobilising of
climate finance “as part of a shared effort by all Parties”. Developing
countries, on the other hand, could not agree to such proposals in the
text.
Information provided to TWN revealed that developed
countries also expressed that they are unable to commit to a quantified
number for finance in the agreement. Several developing countries
indicated that developed countries were breaking away from their
obligations under the UNFCCC; one developing country said that the issue
of finance could be a make or break for the Paris deal.
With the
help of facilitators, breakout groups on differentiation, ambition and
finance were held with Parties trying to find solutions.
According
to sources, Parties expressed their red lines, which clearly reflected
continued divergences over the issue of differentiation and its
application as regards the various elements, especially in relation to
mitigation, finance and transparency.
The consultations ended at around 5.30 am, on Friday, 11 December.
The
COP President informed Parties that there would be a “slight delay” in
the conclusion of the COP with a final text to be presented on Saturday
morning, 12 December, and for its adoption sometime in the afternoon.
(The COP was scheduled to close on 11 December.)
Whether and how compromises will be reached remains a challenge.
When News Breaks Out, We Break In. (The 2014 Bloggies Finalist)